Amapaneli elanga (akwaziwa nangokuthi ama-module eseli elanga) angamadivayisi ayisisekelo okukhiqiza amandla aguqula ngqo amandla omkhaza welanga abe ugesi we-direct current (DC) ngokusebenzisa umphumela we-photoelectric. Ayizona iziyunithi eziyisisekelo zeziteshi zamandla elanga, izinhlelo zamandla elanga zasekhaya, izinhlelo zamandla elanga ezihlakazekile zezimboni nezokuhweba, kanye nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa ilanga. Imikhiqizo isekelwe kumasele elanga e-crystalline silicon, agcwaliswe, afakwe ilamination, futhi ahlanganiswe ukuze abe nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwamandla elanga, isikhathi eside sokuphila, nokusebenza okuzinzile. Asetshenziswa kabanzi eziteshini zamandla ezisekelwe emhlabeni, uphahla lwezimboni nezokuhweba, uphahla lwasekhaya, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zamandla elanga (BIPV), ukukhanyisa okungaxhunyiwe kunethiwekhi, izesekeli zamaphuzu okushaja, kanye ne-microgrids yamandla amasha.
I. Ukwakhiwa Komkhiqizo
Iphaneli ye-photovoltaic ngokuyinhloko yakhiwa ingilazi eqinisiwe, ifilimu enamahlanganisela ye-EVA, amaseli elanga, i-backsheet, uhlaka lwe-aluminum alloy, ibhokisi lokuxhuma, kanye ne-silicone sealant. Ingilazi eqinisiwe ne-backsheet yenza imisebenzi yokuvikela, ukungangeni kwamanzi, nokumelana nesimo sezulu; ifilimu enamahlanganisela ye-EVA isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amaseli nokuthuthukisa ukudlula kokukhanya; amaseli elanga ayisisekelo sokuguqulwa kukagesi wokukhanya; ibhokisi lokuxhuma liqukethe i-diode yokudlula ukuze kuvinjelwe imiphumela ye-hot spot futhi kuphume ugesi; uhlaka lwe-aluminum alloy luthuthukisa amandla omshini futhi lwenze kube lula ukufakwa nokulungiswa.
II. Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Nezindlela Zobuchwepheshe
1. Imodyuli ye-photovoltaic ye-monocrystalline silicon yenziwe ngama-wafers e-monocrystalline silicon, ebonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuphansi, ukwehla kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nombala ofanayo. Ziyimikhiqizo evamile emakethe futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokukhiqiza amandla ezindlini nasemakhaya amakhulu, zinekhono elihle lokusebenza kwezindleko jikelele.
2. Amamoduli we-photovoltaic we-polycrystalline silicon enziwa ngama-wafer we-polycrystalline silicon, anezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kancane, ukusebenza kahle kancane kune-monocrystalline silicon, ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okunamandla, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic ezisekelwe emhlabeni.
3. Amamoduli aphakeme afaka i-TOPCon, i-HJT (heterojunction), i-IBC, njll., anokuguquguquka okungaphezu kwamamoduli ajwayelekile, amandla aphezulu, isilinganiso sezulu esiphansi, kanye nezinzuzo ezicacile zamandla esikhathi eside, afanele amaphrojekthi ezimboni nezamabhizinisi neziteshi zamandla ezinkulu ezinezindawo ezinomkhawulo kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokukhiqiza amandla.
III. Izici Ezibalulekile Zobuchwepheshe
Ukuphumelela okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga-kagesi: Amamojuli ajwayelekile e-single-crystal angafinyelela ukuphumelela okungaphezu kuka-22%, futhi amamojuli anokuphumelela okuphezulu angadlula u-25%. Amandla akhiqizwa indawo eyodwa ayaqhubeka nokwanda.
Impilo yesevisi ende: Impilo yesevisi eklanyelwe iminyaka engu-25-30, izinga eliphansi lokwehla kwamandla ngonyaka, ukusebenza okuzinzile nokwethembeka esikhathini eside.
Ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo okuqinile: Kungasebenza ezindaweni ezisukela ku -40°C kuya ku 85°C, kumelana nomoya, ingcindezi, isichotho, kungangeni manzi, futhi kungangeni umswakama, kufaneleka ezindaweni ezinzima zangaphandle.
Kuphephile futhi kuthembekile: Kunokuvimbela i-PID, ukuvimbela izindawo ezishisayo, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokusebenza kokubekezelela i-voltage, ukumelana nomlilo okuphezulu, akukho msindo noma ukungcola ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Okuluhlaza nokwe-carbon ephansi: Inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla ayisebenzisi amandla ezinsalela, ayinawo ukukhishwa, futhi ayinawo udoti, futhi iyisishintshi samandla ahlanzekile esibalulekile sokufeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
IV. Ipharamitha ezicacisiwe ezijwayelekile
Ububanzi bamandla: Okujwayelekile ngu-400W-700W, futhi amamojuli anamandla aphezulu angadlula u-700W.
I-voltage yokusebenza: I-voltage yokusebenza ye-module ikakhulu cishe ku 24V noma 36V, futhi uhlelo lungaxhunywa ngokulandelana noma ngokuhambisanayo ukuze luvumelane namazinga ahlukene e-voltage.
Usayizi wokubukeka: Ukhula namandla, onesayizi ojwayelekile cishe u-1722mm×1134mm×35mm, futhi amamoduli osayizi omkhulu asetshenziselwa iziteshi zamandla ezinkulu.
Uhlobo lokuphuma: Ukuphuma okujwayelekile okuqondile, okungaguqulwa kube amandla acashile ukuze kujoyinwe inethiwekhi noma kusetshenziswe imithwalo nge-inverter.
V. Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Eziyingqayizivele
I-photovoltaic yasendlini ephahleni uphahla: Ukuzenzela nokuzisebenzisa, kanti ugesi owengeziwe ubuyiselwa enethelini, kunciphisa izindleko zikagesi zasendlini.
Uphahla lwefektri yezimboni nezohwebo: Ukunciphisa iziqongo nokugcwalisa amadwala, ukonga izindleko zikagesi ezinkampanini, kanye nokufeza ukonga amandla nokunciphisa i-carbon.
Iziteshi zamandla ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic ezisekelwe emhlabathini: Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okukhulu okuxhunywe kunethiwekhi, ukubamba iqhaza ekuhlinzekeni kukagesi kwenethiwekhi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ze-photovoltaic (BIPV): Ukufaka izinto zokwakha, ukufeza ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo nokukhiqizwa kukagesi.
Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezingaxhunyiwe kunethiwekhi: Zisetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla ezindaweni ezikude, izibani zomgwaqo, ukuqapha, iziteshi zokuxhumana, nezinye izimo ezingenayo i-grid yamandla.
VI. Isifinyezo Sezinzuzo Zomkhiqizo Amaphaneli elanga (solar photovoltaic panels) anezinzuzo zokungasebenzisi uphethiloli, ukungangcoli umoya, ukufakwa okulula, ukugcinwa okulula, nezimo ezibanzi zokusetshenziswa. Angakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi ngokuzimela noma axhunywe kunethiwekhi yamandla ukuze asetshenziswe. Njengamanje, yizona zisekelo zamandla avuselelekayo ezikhuthazwa kakhulu futhi ezivuthiwe emhlabeni wonke, futhi zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ushintsho lwesakhiwo samandla nokufeza imigomo emibili ye-carbon.